水下沉管施工

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其大部分管线安装均位于水下，因此均为水上、水下施工作业，需依靠大型船舶设备、潜水员和专业施工人员精心组织施工，才能保证工程和施工作业安全。江河海底等部位水下管道的铺设安装摘要：介绍了水下沟槽开挖的及其优缺点；管道水下铺设的几种的优点比较及注意事项。航道基槽开挖:采用定位桩挖泥船进行施工，施工中采取先挖两边，后挖中间；开挖方向由中间向两边，由两边向中间；施工船舶由纵向到横向的进行开挖。由于航道两边的土方较高，施工船舶无法靠边，在施工的开始时期，无论在南岸或北岸，挖泥船纵向顺靠在航道的内挡，贴近滩涂插桩定位，运泥驳船停靠在外挡，从航道中心向岸边进行土方开挖，并在距运泥驳船15m以外设立施工浮标。挖机从一侧开挖，180度后将泥装进运泥驳船的船舱内，这样可以减小航道占用量。

沟槽开挖与支护（一）分层开挖及深度（1）人工开挖沟槽的槽深超过3m时应分层开挖，每层的深度不超过2m.（2）人工开挖多层沟槽的层间留台宽度：放坡开槽时不应小于0.8m，直槽时不应小于0.5m，安装井点设备时不应小于1.5m.（3）采用机械挖槽时，沟槽分层的深度按机械性能确定。控制措施：

①基槽挖泥施工前应做好标志设置工作，包括挖泥基槽的纵向标及断面标。立标时应注意标志位置的选取要合理并且方便施工。

②KAIWAZHONGYAOYANGEANZHAOSHEJIDUANMIANCHICUNYAOQIUSHIGONG，QINDUIBIAO、QINCESHUISHEN，TEBIESHIWACENGHUOWAZHIBIANXIANSHI，YAOKONGZHIKAIWAFANWEI，JIANGCHAOKUAN、CHAOSHENKONGZHIZHI。BENGONGCHENGJICAOSHENDUGUOSHEN，YINGCAIYONGGPSDINGWEI，CHAOSHENGBOSHENDUJIANCEYIJINXINGJICAOMIDIANJIANCE，DUJUEJICAOQIANDIANCHUXIAN。

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